Vilka språk pratas i thailand
Ord på thailändska är inte åtskilda av mellanslag, vilket ger intrycket av ett krångligt språk. It is the sole official language of Thailand. Thai is the most spoken of over 60 languages of Thailand by both number of native and overall speakers. Over half of its vocabulary is derived from or borrowed from Pali , Sanskrit , Mon [ 4 ] and Old Khmer. It is a tonal and analytic language. Thai has a complex orthography and system of relational markers.
These languages are written with slightly different scripts, but are linguistically similar and effectively form a dialect continuum. Thai language is spoken by over 69 million people Moreover, most Thais in the northern Lanna and the northeastern Isan parts of the country today are bilingual speakers of Central Thai and their respective regional dialects because Central Thai is the language of television, education, news reporting, and all forms of media.
In addition to Central Thai, Thailand is home to other related Tai languages.
Although most linguists classify these dialects as related but distinct languages, native speakers often identify them as regional variants or dialects of the "same" Thai language, or as "different kinds of Thai". Standard Thai is classified as one of the Chiang Saen languages—others being Northern Thai , Southern Thai and numerous smaller languages, which together with the Northwestern Tai and Lao-Phutai languages, form the Southwestern branch of Tai languages.
The Tai languages are a branch of the Kra—Dai language family , which encompasses a large number of indigenous languages spoken in an arc from Hainan and Guangxi south through Laos and Northern Vietnam to the Cambodian border. Standard Thai is the principal language of education and government and spoken throughout Thailand.
Thailändska språk – thailändska dialekter, fraser och betydelser
The standard is based on the dialect of the central Thai people, and it is written in the Thai script. Kam-Sui languages. Thai has undergone various historical sound changes. Some of the most significant changes occurred during the evolution from Old Thai to modern Thai. Bilingualism must have been strengthened and maintained for some time by the great number of Khmer-speaking captives the Thais took from Angkor Thom after their victories in , and Khmer fell out of use.
Both Thai and Khmer descendants whose great-grand parents or earlier ancestors were bilingual came to use only Thai. In the process of language shift, an abundance of Khmer elements were transferred into Thai and permeated all aspects of the language. There were more Khmer words in use than Tai cognates. Khmer grammatical rules were used actively to coin new disyllabic and polysyllabic words and phrases.
Khmer expressions, sayings, and proverbs were expressed in Thai through transference. Thais borrowed both the Royal vocabulary and rules to enlarge the vocabulary from Khmer. Thai and Pali, the latter from Theravada Buddhism, were added to the vocabulary.
Thai – Wikipedia
An investigation of the Ayutthaya Rajasap reveals that three languages, Thai, Khmer and Khmero-Indic were at work closely both in formulaic expressions and in normal discourse. In fact, Khmero-Indic may be classified in the same category as Khmer because Indic had been adapted to the Khmer system first before the Thai borrowed. Old Thai had a three-way tone distinction on "live syllables" those not ending in a stop , with no possible distinction on "dead syllables" those ending in a stop, i.
There was a two-way voiced vs. The major change between old and modern Thai was due to voicing distinction losses and the concomitant tone split. This may have happened between about and CE, possibly occurring at different times in different parts of the Thai-speaking area. However, in the process of these mergers, the former distinction of voice was transferred into a new set of tonal distinctions.
In essence, every tone in Old Thai split into two new tones, with a lower-pitched tone corresponding to a syllable that formerly began with a voiced consonant, and a higher-pitched tone corresponding to a syllable that formerly began with a voiceless consonant including glottalized stops. The above consonant mergers and tone splits account for the complex relationship between spelling and sound in modern Thai. Modern "low"-class consonants were voiced in Old Thai, and the terminology "low" reflects the lower tone variants that resulted.
Modern "mid"-class consonants were voiceless unaspirated stops or affricates in Old Thai—precisely the class that triggered lowering in original tone 1 but not tones 2 or 3. Modern "high"-class consonants were the remaining voiceless consonants in Old Thai voiceless fricatives, voiceless sonorants, voiceless aspirated stops. The three most common tone "marks" the lack of any tone mark, as well as the two marks termed mai ek and mai tho represent the three tones of Old Thai, and the complex relationship between tone mark and actual tone is due to the various tonal changes since then.
Since the tone split, the tones have changed in actual representation to the point that the former relationship between lower and higher tonal variants has been completely obscured. Furthermore, the six tones that resulted after the three tones of Old Thai were split have since merged into five in standard Thai, with the lower variant of former tone 2 merging with the higher variant of former tone 3, becoming the modern "falling" tone.
These were represented by the now-obsolete letters ฃ kho khuat and ฅ kho khon , respectively. The vowel system of modern Thai contains nine pure vowels and three centering diphthongs, each of which can occur short or long. More specifically, he notes the following facts about Thai:. Not all researchers agree with Li.